retiga exi ccd camera Search Results


90
QImaging color ccd camera retiga exi cooled digital color model
Color Ccd Camera Retiga Exi Cooled Digital Color Model, supplied by QImaging, used in various techniques. Bioz Stars score: 90/100, based on 1 PubMed citations. ZERO BIAS - scores, article reviews, protocol conditions and more
https://www.bioz.com/product/retiga+exi+ccd+camera/color+ccd+camera+retiga+exi+cooled+digital+color+model/pmc06593177-61-6-15
Average 90 stars, based on 1 article reviews
color ccd camera retiga exi cooled digital color model - by Bioz Stars, 2026-09
90/100 stars
  Buy from Supplier

90
QImaging fast firewire retiga exi chilled ccd camera
Fast Firewire Retiga Exi Chilled Ccd Camera, supplied by QImaging, used in various techniques. Bioz Stars score: 90/100, based on 1 PubMed citations. ZERO BIAS - scores, article reviews, protocol conditions and more
https://www.bioz.com/product/retiga+exi+ccd+camera/fast+firewire+retiga+exi+chilled+ccd+camera/pmc04961056-66-16-23
Average 90 stars, based on 1 article reviews
fast firewire retiga exi chilled ccd camera - by Bioz Stars, 2026-09
90/100 stars
  Buy from Supplier

90
QImaging ccd camera retiga exi aqua
(A) The genome structure of wild-type ToMV and its derivatives used in the experiments. Rectangles indicate open reading frames (ORFs). MT, a methyltransferase-like domain; HEL, a helicase-like domain; POL, a polymerase-like domain of the replication proteins; MP, the cell-to-cell movement protein; and CP, the coat protein. Translation of the genomic RNA produces two replication proteins, 130K and 180K; 130K contains MT and HEL. The 180K is synthesized via the UAG stop codon read-through of 130K to express POL. FP indicates the fluorescent protein genes (YFP or CFP). TLPYFP-CP and TLPCFP-CP carry the YFP and CFP gene, respectively, between the MP and CP coding regions. The expression of the YFP or CFP genes is driven by a duplicated subgenomic promoter (sgp) for the CP. TLPYFP and TLPCFP lack the CP gene. The regions that correspond to the PPYP and P5′M probes, which were used for northern blotting and RNase protection assays, are indicated by bold lines. (B) An example of spatial separation of the two variants during cell-to-cell spread from a coinfected cell in a tobacco leaf. YFP and CFP fluorescence images were obtained separately 44 hours postinoculation (hpi) using a color charge-coupled device <t>(CCD)</t> camera. After converting the color of the CFP fluorescence image to magenta, the image was merged with the YFP fluorescence image without color conversion. The YFP images look green (rather than yellow) because of the transmission range of the emission filter. Coinfected cells were found at the central part of the infected region as white colored cells. (C) The stochastic occurrence of single infections by one of the two co-inoculated variants in protoplasts. Fluorescence images were obtained at 24 hpi and then processed as described above. White arrowheads indicate singly infected cells.
Ccd Camera Retiga Exi Aqua, supplied by QImaging, used in various techniques. Bioz Stars score: 90/100, based on 1 PubMed citations. ZERO BIAS - scores, article reviews, protocol conditions and more
https://www.bioz.com/product/retiga+exi+ccd+camera/retiga+exi+aqua+ccd+camera/pmc04364534-282-5-10
Average 90 stars, based on 1 article reviews
ccd camera retiga exi aqua - by Bioz Stars, 2026-09
90/100 stars
  Buy from Supplier

90
Empix Imaging retiga exi non-cooled 12-bit digital ccd camera
(A) The genome structure of wild-type ToMV and its derivatives used in the experiments. Rectangles indicate open reading frames (ORFs). MT, a methyltransferase-like domain; HEL, a helicase-like domain; POL, a polymerase-like domain of the replication proteins; MP, the cell-to-cell movement protein; and CP, the coat protein. Translation of the genomic RNA produces two replication proteins, 130K and 180K; 130K contains MT and HEL. The 180K is synthesized via the UAG stop codon read-through of 130K to express POL. FP indicates the fluorescent protein genes (YFP or CFP). TLPYFP-CP and TLPCFP-CP carry the YFP and CFP gene, respectively, between the MP and CP coding regions. The expression of the YFP or CFP genes is driven by a duplicated subgenomic promoter (sgp) for the CP. TLPYFP and TLPCFP lack the CP gene. The regions that correspond to the PPYP and P5′M probes, which were used for northern blotting and RNase protection assays, are indicated by bold lines. (B) An example of spatial separation of the two variants during cell-to-cell spread from a coinfected cell in a tobacco leaf. YFP and CFP fluorescence images were obtained separately 44 hours postinoculation (hpi) using a color charge-coupled device <t>(CCD)</t> camera. After converting the color of the CFP fluorescence image to magenta, the image was merged with the YFP fluorescence image without color conversion. The YFP images look green (rather than yellow) because of the transmission range of the emission filter. Coinfected cells were found at the central part of the infected region as white colored cells. (C) The stochastic occurrence of single infections by one of the two co-inoculated variants in protoplasts. Fluorescence images were obtained at 24 hpi and then processed as described above. White arrowheads indicate singly infected cells.
Retiga Exi Non Cooled 12 Bit Digital Ccd Camera, supplied by Empix Imaging, used in various techniques. Bioz Stars score: 90/100, based on 1 PubMed citations. ZERO BIAS - scores, article reviews, protocol conditions and more
https://www.bioz.com/product/retiga+exi+ccd+camera/retiga+exi+non+cooled+12+bit+digital+ccd+camera/pm21042277-207-4-18
Average 90 stars, based on 1 article reviews
retiga exi non-cooled 12-bit digital ccd camera - by Bioz Stars, 2026-09
90/100 stars
  Buy from Supplier

90
QImaging chilled charge-coupled device (ccd) camera retiga fast firewire exi
(A) The genome structure of wild-type ToMV and its derivatives used in the experiments. Rectangles indicate open reading frames (ORFs). MT, a methyltransferase-like domain; HEL, a helicase-like domain; POL, a polymerase-like domain of the replication proteins; MP, the cell-to-cell movement protein; and CP, the coat protein. Translation of the genomic RNA produces two replication proteins, 130K and 180K; 130K contains MT and HEL. The 180K is synthesized via the UAG stop codon read-through of 130K to express POL. FP indicates the fluorescent protein genes (YFP or CFP). TLPYFP-CP and TLPCFP-CP carry the YFP and CFP gene, respectively, between the MP and CP coding regions. The expression of the YFP or CFP genes is driven by a duplicated subgenomic promoter (sgp) for the CP. TLPYFP and TLPCFP lack the CP gene. The regions that correspond to the PPYP and P5′M probes, which were used for northern blotting and RNase protection assays, are indicated by bold lines. (B) An example of spatial separation of the two variants during cell-to-cell spread from a coinfected cell in a tobacco leaf. YFP and CFP fluorescence images were obtained separately 44 hours postinoculation (hpi) using a color charge-coupled device <t>(CCD)</t> camera. After converting the color of the CFP fluorescence image to magenta, the image was merged with the YFP fluorescence image without color conversion. The YFP images look green (rather than yellow) because of the transmission range of the emission filter. Coinfected cells were found at the central part of the infected region as white colored cells. (C) The stochastic occurrence of single infections by one of the two co-inoculated variants in protoplasts. Fluorescence images were obtained at 24 hpi and then processed as described above. White arrowheads indicate singly infected cells.
Chilled Charge Coupled Device (Ccd) Camera Retiga Fast Firewire Exi, supplied by QImaging, used in various techniques. Bioz Stars score: 90/100, based on 1 PubMed citations. ZERO BIAS - scores, article reviews, protocol conditions and more
https://www.bioz.com/product/retiga+exi+ccd+camera/chilled+charge+coupled+device++ccd++camera+retiga+fast+firewire+exi/pmc02610248-123-16-23
Average 90 stars, based on 1 article reviews
chilled charge-coupled device (ccd) camera retiga fast firewire exi - by Bioz Stars, 2026-09
90/100 stars
  Buy from Supplier

90
scanalytics inc cooled ccd camera retiga exi
(A) The genome structure of wild-type ToMV and its derivatives used in the experiments. Rectangles indicate open reading frames (ORFs). MT, a methyltransferase-like domain; HEL, a helicase-like domain; POL, a polymerase-like domain of the replication proteins; MP, the cell-to-cell movement protein; and CP, the coat protein. Translation of the genomic RNA produces two replication proteins, 130K and 180K; 130K contains MT and HEL. The 180K is synthesized via the UAG stop codon read-through of 130K to express POL. FP indicates the fluorescent protein genes (YFP or CFP). TLPYFP-CP and TLPCFP-CP carry the YFP and CFP gene, respectively, between the MP and CP coding regions. The expression of the YFP or CFP genes is driven by a duplicated subgenomic promoter (sgp) for the CP. TLPYFP and TLPCFP lack the CP gene. The regions that correspond to the PPYP and P5′M probes, which were used for northern blotting and RNase protection assays, are indicated by bold lines. (B) An example of spatial separation of the two variants during cell-to-cell spread from a coinfected cell in a tobacco leaf. YFP and CFP fluorescence images were obtained separately 44 hours postinoculation (hpi) using a color charge-coupled device <t>(CCD)</t> camera. After converting the color of the CFP fluorescence image to magenta, the image was merged with the YFP fluorescence image without color conversion. The YFP images look green (rather than yellow) because of the transmission range of the emission filter. Coinfected cells were found at the central part of the infected region as white colored cells. (C) The stochastic occurrence of single infections by one of the two co-inoculated variants in protoplasts. Fluorescence images were obtained at 24 hpi and then processed as described above. White arrowheads indicate singly infected cells.
Cooled Ccd Camera Retiga Exi, supplied by scanalytics inc, used in various techniques. Bioz Stars score: 90/100, based on 1 PubMed citations. ZERO BIAS - scores, article reviews, protocol conditions and more
https://www.bioz.com/product/retiga+exi+ccd+camera/cooled+ccd+camera+retiga+exi/pmc02720134-389-6-16
Average 90 stars, based on 1 article reviews
cooled ccd camera retiga exi - by Bioz Stars, 2026-09
90/100 stars
  Buy from Supplier

90
QImaging scientific-grade, thermoelectrically cooled ccd camera retiga exi
(A) The genome structure of wild-type ToMV and its derivatives used in the experiments. Rectangles indicate open reading frames (ORFs). MT, a methyltransferase-like domain; HEL, a helicase-like domain; POL, a polymerase-like domain of the replication proteins; MP, the cell-to-cell movement protein; and CP, the coat protein. Translation of the genomic RNA produces two replication proteins, 130K and 180K; 130K contains MT and HEL. The 180K is synthesized via the UAG stop codon read-through of 130K to express POL. FP indicates the fluorescent protein genes (YFP or CFP). TLPYFP-CP and TLPCFP-CP carry the YFP and CFP gene, respectively, between the MP and CP coding regions. The expression of the YFP or CFP genes is driven by a duplicated subgenomic promoter (sgp) for the CP. TLPYFP and TLPCFP lack the CP gene. The regions that correspond to the PPYP and P5′M probes, which were used for northern blotting and RNase protection assays, are indicated by bold lines. (B) An example of spatial separation of the two variants during cell-to-cell spread from a coinfected cell in a tobacco leaf. YFP and CFP fluorescence images were obtained separately 44 hours postinoculation (hpi) using a color charge-coupled device <t>(CCD)</t> camera. After converting the color of the CFP fluorescence image to magenta, the image was merged with the YFP fluorescence image without color conversion. The YFP images look green (rather than yellow) because of the transmission range of the emission filter. Coinfected cells were found at the central part of the infected region as white colored cells. (C) The stochastic occurrence of single infections by one of the two co-inoculated variants in protoplasts. Fluorescence images were obtained at 24 hpi and then processed as described above. White arrowheads indicate singly infected cells.
Scientific Grade, Thermoelectrically Cooled Ccd Camera Retiga Exi, supplied by QImaging, used in various techniques. Bioz Stars score: 90/100, based on 1 PubMed citations. ZERO BIAS - scores, article reviews, protocol conditions and more
https://www.bioz.com/product/retiga+exi+ccd+camera/scientific+grade++thermoelectrically+cooled+ccd+camera+retiga+exi/pmc04605827-83-18-22
Average 90 stars, based on 1 article reviews
scientific-grade, thermoelectrically cooled ccd camera retiga exi - by Bioz Stars, 2026-09
90/100 stars
  Buy from Supplier

90
QImaging widefield camera (cam1, retiga exi ccd
(A) The genome structure of wild-type ToMV and its derivatives used in the experiments. Rectangles indicate open reading frames (ORFs). MT, a methyltransferase-like domain; HEL, a helicase-like domain; POL, a polymerase-like domain of the replication proteins; MP, the cell-to-cell movement protein; and CP, the coat protein. Translation of the genomic RNA produces two replication proteins, 130K and 180K; 130K contains MT and HEL. The 180K is synthesized via the UAG stop codon read-through of 130K to express POL. FP indicates the fluorescent protein genes (YFP or CFP). TLPYFP-CP and TLPCFP-CP carry the YFP and CFP gene, respectively, between the MP and CP coding regions. The expression of the YFP or CFP genes is driven by a duplicated subgenomic promoter (sgp) for the CP. TLPYFP and TLPCFP lack the CP gene. The regions that correspond to the PPYP and P5′M probes, which were used for northern blotting and RNase protection assays, are indicated by bold lines. (B) An example of spatial separation of the two variants during cell-to-cell spread from a coinfected cell in a tobacco leaf. YFP and CFP fluorescence images were obtained separately 44 hours postinoculation (hpi) using a color charge-coupled device <t>(CCD)</t> camera. After converting the color of the CFP fluorescence image to magenta, the image was merged with the YFP fluorescence image without color conversion. The YFP images look green (rather than yellow) because of the transmission range of the emission filter. Coinfected cells were found at the central part of the infected region as white colored cells. (C) The stochastic occurrence of single infections by one of the two co-inoculated variants in protoplasts. Fluorescence images were obtained at 24 hpi and then processed as described above. White arrowheads indicate singly infected cells.
Widefield Camera (Cam1, Retiga Exi Ccd, supplied by QImaging, used in various techniques. Bioz Stars score: 90/100, based on 1 PubMed citations. ZERO BIAS - scores, article reviews, protocol conditions and more
https://www.bioz.com/product/retiga+exi+ccd+camera/widefield+camera++cam1++retiga+exi+ccd/10__1364_slash_oe__498022-59-28-34
Average 90 stars, based on 1 article reviews
widefield camera (cam1, retiga exi ccd - by Bioz Stars, 2026-09
90/100 stars
  Buy from Supplier

90
QImaging retiga exi svga high-speed monochromatic cooled ccd camera system
(A) The genome structure of wild-type ToMV and its derivatives used in the experiments. Rectangles indicate open reading frames (ORFs). MT, a methyltransferase-like domain; HEL, a helicase-like domain; POL, a polymerase-like domain of the replication proteins; MP, the cell-to-cell movement protein; and CP, the coat protein. Translation of the genomic RNA produces two replication proteins, 130K and 180K; 130K contains MT and HEL. The 180K is synthesized via the UAG stop codon read-through of 130K to express POL. FP indicates the fluorescent protein genes (YFP or CFP). TLPYFP-CP and TLPCFP-CP carry the YFP and CFP gene, respectively, between the MP and CP coding regions. The expression of the YFP or CFP genes is driven by a duplicated subgenomic promoter (sgp) for the CP. TLPYFP and TLPCFP lack the CP gene. The regions that correspond to the PPYP and P5′M probes, which were used for northern blotting and RNase protection assays, are indicated by bold lines. (B) An example of spatial separation of the two variants during cell-to-cell spread from a coinfected cell in a tobacco leaf. YFP and CFP fluorescence images were obtained separately 44 hours postinoculation (hpi) using a color charge-coupled device <t>(CCD)</t> camera. After converting the color of the CFP fluorescence image to magenta, the image was merged with the YFP fluorescence image without color conversion. The YFP images look green (rather than yellow) because of the transmission range of the emission filter. Coinfected cells were found at the central part of the infected region as white colored cells. (C) The stochastic occurrence of single infections by one of the two co-inoculated variants in protoplasts. Fluorescence images were obtained at 24 hpi and then processed as described above. White arrowheads indicate singly infected cells.
Retiga Exi Svga High Speed Monochromatic Cooled Ccd Camera System, supplied by QImaging, used in various techniques. Bioz Stars score: 90/100, based on 1 PubMed citations. ZERO BIAS - scores, article reviews, protocol conditions and more
https://www.bioz.com/product/retiga+exi+ccd+camera/retiga+exi+svga+high+speed+monochromatic+cooled+ccd+camera+system/pmc02224230-239-19-18
Average 90 stars, based on 1 article reviews
retiga exi svga high-speed monochromatic cooled ccd camera system - by Bioz Stars, 2026-09
90/100 stars
  Buy from Supplier

90
QImaging fluorescence ccd camera retiga exi camera
(A) The genome structure of wild-type ToMV and its derivatives used in the experiments. Rectangles indicate open reading frames (ORFs). MT, a methyltransferase-like domain; HEL, a helicase-like domain; POL, a polymerase-like domain of the replication proteins; MP, the cell-to-cell movement protein; and CP, the coat protein. Translation of the genomic RNA produces two replication proteins, 130K and 180K; 130K contains MT and HEL. The 180K is synthesized via the UAG stop codon read-through of 130K to express POL. FP indicates the fluorescent protein genes (YFP or CFP). TLPYFP-CP and TLPCFP-CP carry the YFP and CFP gene, respectively, between the MP and CP coding regions. The expression of the YFP or CFP genes is driven by a duplicated subgenomic promoter (sgp) for the CP. TLPYFP and TLPCFP lack the CP gene. The regions that correspond to the PPYP and P5′M probes, which were used for northern blotting and RNase protection assays, are indicated by bold lines. (B) An example of spatial separation of the two variants during cell-to-cell spread from a coinfected cell in a tobacco leaf. YFP and CFP fluorescence images were obtained separately 44 hours postinoculation (hpi) using a color charge-coupled device <t>(CCD)</t> camera. After converting the color of the CFP fluorescence image to magenta, the image was merged with the YFP fluorescence image without color conversion. The YFP images look green (rather than yellow) because of the transmission range of the emission filter. Coinfected cells were found at the central part of the infected region as white colored cells. (C) The stochastic occurrence of single infections by one of the two co-inoculated variants in protoplasts. Fluorescence images were obtained at 24 hpi and then processed as described above. White arrowheads indicate singly infected cells.
Fluorescence Ccd Camera Retiga Exi Camera, supplied by QImaging, used in various techniques. Bioz Stars score: 90/100, based on 1 PubMed citations. ZERO BIAS - scores, article reviews, protocol conditions and more
https://www.bioz.com/product/retiga+exi+ccd+camera/fluorescence+ccd+camera+retiga+exi+camera/pmc09940103-145-7-14
Average 90 stars, based on 1 article reviews
fluorescence ccd camera retiga exi camera - by Bioz Stars, 2026-09
90/100 stars
  Buy from Supplier

90
QImaging ccd high sensitivity camera qimaging retiga exi 1392 1040 px
(A) The genome structure of wild-type ToMV and its derivatives used in the experiments. Rectangles indicate open reading frames (ORFs). MT, a methyltransferase-like domain; HEL, a helicase-like domain; POL, a polymerase-like domain of the replication proteins; MP, the cell-to-cell movement protein; and CP, the coat protein. Translation of the genomic RNA produces two replication proteins, 130K and 180K; 130K contains MT and HEL. The 180K is synthesized via the UAG stop codon read-through of 130K to express POL. FP indicates the fluorescent protein genes (YFP or CFP). TLPYFP-CP and TLPCFP-CP carry the YFP and CFP gene, respectively, between the MP and CP coding regions. The expression of the YFP or CFP genes is driven by a duplicated subgenomic promoter (sgp) for the CP. TLPYFP and TLPCFP lack the CP gene. The regions that correspond to the PPYP and P5′M probes, which were used for northern blotting and RNase protection assays, are indicated by bold lines. (B) An example of spatial separation of the two variants during cell-to-cell spread from a coinfected cell in a tobacco leaf. YFP and CFP fluorescence images were obtained separately 44 hours postinoculation (hpi) using a color charge-coupled device <t>(CCD)</t> camera. After converting the color of the CFP fluorescence image to magenta, the image was merged with the YFP fluorescence image without color conversion. The YFP images look green (rather than yellow) because of the transmission range of the emission filter. Coinfected cells were found at the central part of the infected region as white colored cells. (C) The stochastic occurrence of single infections by one of the two co-inoculated variants in protoplasts. Fluorescence images were obtained at 24 hpi and then processed as described above. White arrowheads indicate singly infected cells.
Ccd High Sensitivity Camera Qimaging Retiga Exi 1392 1040 Px, supplied by QImaging, used in various techniques. Bioz Stars score: 90/100, based on 1 PubMed citations. ZERO BIAS - scores, article reviews, protocol conditions and more
https://www.bioz.com/product/retiga+exi+ccd+camera/ccd+high+sensitivity+camera+qimaging+retiga+exi+1392+1040+px/pm21163357-74-11-15
Average 90 stars, based on 1 article reviews
ccd high sensitivity camera qimaging retiga exi 1392 1040 px - by Bioz Stars, 2026-09
90/100 stars
  Buy from Supplier

90
QImaging camera fluorescence microscope qimaging retiga exi ccd
(A) The genome structure of wild-type ToMV and its derivatives used in the experiments. Rectangles indicate open reading frames (ORFs). MT, a methyltransferase-like domain; HEL, a helicase-like domain; POL, a polymerase-like domain of the replication proteins; MP, the cell-to-cell movement protein; and CP, the coat protein. Translation of the genomic RNA produces two replication proteins, 130K and 180K; 130K contains MT and HEL. The 180K is synthesized via the UAG stop codon read-through of 130K to express POL. FP indicates the fluorescent protein genes (YFP or CFP). TLPYFP-CP and TLPCFP-CP carry the YFP and CFP gene, respectively, between the MP and CP coding regions. The expression of the YFP or CFP genes is driven by a duplicated subgenomic promoter (sgp) for the CP. TLPYFP and TLPCFP lack the CP gene. The regions that correspond to the PPYP and P5′M probes, which were used for northern blotting and RNase protection assays, are indicated by bold lines. (B) An example of spatial separation of the two variants during cell-to-cell spread from a coinfected cell in a tobacco leaf. YFP and CFP fluorescence images were obtained separately 44 hours postinoculation (hpi) using a color charge-coupled device <t>(CCD)</t> camera. After converting the color of the CFP fluorescence image to magenta, the image was merged with the YFP fluorescence image without color conversion. The YFP images look green (rather than yellow) because of the transmission range of the emission filter. Coinfected cells were found at the central part of the infected region as white colored cells. (C) The stochastic occurrence of single infections by one of the two co-inoculated variants in protoplasts. Fluorescence images were obtained at 24 hpi and then processed as described above. White arrowheads indicate singly infected cells.
Camera Fluorescence Microscope Qimaging Retiga Exi Ccd, supplied by QImaging, used in various techniques. Bioz Stars score: 90/100, based on 1 PubMed citations. ZERO BIAS - scores, article reviews, protocol conditions and more
https://www.bioz.com/product/retiga+exi+ccd+camera/camera+fluorescence+microscope+qimaging+retiga+exi+ccd/10__1007_slash_s11105___020___01203___4-65-6-9
Average 90 stars, based on 1 article reviews
camera fluorescence microscope qimaging retiga exi ccd - by Bioz Stars, 2026-09
90/100 stars
  Buy from Supplier

Image Search Results


(A) The genome structure of wild-type ToMV and its derivatives used in the experiments. Rectangles indicate open reading frames (ORFs). MT, a methyltransferase-like domain; HEL, a helicase-like domain; POL, a polymerase-like domain of the replication proteins; MP, the cell-to-cell movement protein; and CP, the coat protein. Translation of the genomic RNA produces two replication proteins, 130K and 180K; 130K contains MT and HEL. The 180K is synthesized via the UAG stop codon read-through of 130K to express POL. FP indicates the fluorescent protein genes (YFP or CFP). TLPYFP-CP and TLPCFP-CP carry the YFP and CFP gene, respectively, between the MP and CP coding regions. The expression of the YFP or CFP genes is driven by a duplicated subgenomic promoter (sgp) for the CP. TLPYFP and TLPCFP lack the CP gene. The regions that correspond to the PPYP and P5′M probes, which were used for northern blotting and RNase protection assays, are indicated by bold lines. (B) An example of spatial separation of the two variants during cell-to-cell spread from a coinfected cell in a tobacco leaf. YFP and CFP fluorescence images were obtained separately 44 hours postinoculation (hpi) using a color charge-coupled device (CCD) camera. After converting the color of the CFP fluorescence image to magenta, the image was merged with the YFP fluorescence image without color conversion. The YFP images look green (rather than yellow) because of the transmission range of the emission filter. Coinfected cells were found at the central part of the infected region as white colored cells. (C) The stochastic occurrence of single infections by one of the two co-inoculated variants in protoplasts. Fluorescence images were obtained at 24 hpi and then processed as described above. White arrowheads indicate singly infected cells.

Journal: PLoS Biology

Article Title: Viruses Roll the Dice: The Stochastic Behavior of Viral Genome Molecules Accelerates Viral Adaptation at the Cell and Tissue Levels

doi: 10.1371/journal.pbio.1002094

Figure Lengend Snippet: (A) The genome structure of wild-type ToMV and its derivatives used in the experiments. Rectangles indicate open reading frames (ORFs). MT, a methyltransferase-like domain; HEL, a helicase-like domain; POL, a polymerase-like domain of the replication proteins; MP, the cell-to-cell movement protein; and CP, the coat protein. Translation of the genomic RNA produces two replication proteins, 130K and 180K; 130K contains MT and HEL. The 180K is synthesized via the UAG stop codon read-through of 130K to express POL. FP indicates the fluorescent protein genes (YFP or CFP). TLPYFP-CP and TLPCFP-CP carry the YFP and CFP gene, respectively, between the MP and CP coding regions. The expression of the YFP or CFP genes is driven by a duplicated subgenomic promoter (sgp) for the CP. TLPYFP and TLPCFP lack the CP gene. The regions that correspond to the PPYP and P5′M probes, which were used for northern blotting and RNase protection assays, are indicated by bold lines. (B) An example of spatial separation of the two variants during cell-to-cell spread from a coinfected cell in a tobacco leaf. YFP and CFP fluorescence images were obtained separately 44 hours postinoculation (hpi) using a color charge-coupled device (CCD) camera. After converting the color of the CFP fluorescence image to magenta, the image was merged with the YFP fluorescence image without color conversion. The YFP images look green (rather than yellow) because of the transmission range of the emission filter. Coinfected cells were found at the central part of the infected region as white colored cells. (C) The stochastic occurrence of single infections by one of the two co-inoculated variants in protoplasts. Fluorescence images were obtained at 24 hpi and then processed as described above. White arrowheads indicate singly infected cells.

Article Snippet: Images were captured using a CCD camera Retiga EXi Aqua (QImaging, Surrey, British Columbia, Canada) and analyzed using Image-Pro Plus software (Media Cybernetics, Rockville, Maryland, US).

Techniques: Synthesized, Expressing, Northern Blot, Fluorescence, Transmission Assay, Infection